04/03/2026
African migrations into southern Africa happened over many centuries, and there were interactions with Khoisan communities including trade, cultural mixing, and sometimes conflict. This was a slow historical process of migration and settlement, similar to what happened in many parts of the world.
What makes the comparison fall apart is that European colonisation created a completely different system. Colonial governments introduced laws that seized land, removed communities, and enforced racial ownership through legislation like the Natives Land Act of 1913, which restricted the majority of Black South Africans to a small portion of the country.
So while pre-colonial societies moved, interacted, and sometimes fought over land, colonial rule created a legal system of mass dispossession based on race. That is why historians treat these historical processes as very different.