09/05/2026
Puerto Ricans Are Not the New Kids in Hawaiʻi
Today, Mari and I had the privilege of attending the special "La Casita Blessing & Celebration" at Hawaiʻi's Plantation Village in Waipahu.
The Plantation Village traces the history of the various ethnic and racial groups who worked on Hawaiʻi's plantations. It's, essentially, an outdoor museum depicting what plantation life was like in early 1900s Hawaiʻi, told through a series of buildings — a Chinese house, a Japanese house, a plantation store, and others.
Many people don't know that Puerto Ricans toiled on Hawaiʻi's plantations. The Village's Puerto Rican house, "La Casita," shows how early Puerto Ricans lived and worked on Oʻahu's plantations.
Today's cultural event and blessing celebrated the renovation of La Casita, carried out by members of the Puerto Rican Heritage Society, who maintain the house. (Mari and I are members.)
Puerto Ricans In Hawaiʻi: From Storm To Settlement
The Disaster. Hurricane San Ciriaco struck Puerto Rico on August 8, 1899, crossing the island in roughly six hours with winds over 100 mph, followed by a second hurricane on August 22. Twenty-eight days of torrential rain caused catastrophic flooding, killed an estimated 3,400 people, and left some 250,000 without food or shelter.
The storm was especially ruinous to the coffee industry — of the roughly $35.9 million in total losses, more than $18 million fell on coffee, with the harvest destroyed just before picking season. The collapse left thousands of workers unemployed.
The Recruitment. With the island's coffee economy in ruins and mass unemployment gripping the countryside, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association — facing its own labor shortages — sent recruiters through Puerto Rico offering displaced workers passage to Hawaiʻi, an offer many took out of necessity rather than choice.
The Migration. Roughly 5,000 Puerto Ricans settled in Hawaiʻi across eleven voyages between November 1900 and October 1901, sailing to New Orleans, crossing by rail to California, then sailing again to Honolulu. The first group of 56 men arrived December 23, 1900, aboard the S.S. City of Rio de Janeiro and was sent to Pioneer Mill in Lahaina.
The Plantation Reality. Workers entered a racially stratified system: 10-to-12-hour days, six-day weeks, ethnicity-based housing and pay, and numbered identity tags. In these early years, Puerto Ricans labored alongside Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, and Native Hawaiian workers.
The Culture That Took Root. Puerto Rican families preserved their music (cuatro, bomba, plena, kachi kachi), food (pasteles, arroz con gandules, coquito), and faith traditions. Puerto Rican -- numbering more than 38,000 by the 2010 census across the four islands -- still organize today,